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ABSTRACT
Coral reef is one of the most fertile ecosystems, but it is also the most sensitive and fragile ecosystem to nearly
every change of physical, chemical and biological factors. Around the world coral reefs have suffered a dramatic decline in recent years : about 10% may already have been degraded beyond recpvery ; another 30% are likely to decline seriously within the next 20 years. Coral reefs of Indonesian are also degrading serously : almost 42% have been degraded beyond recovery and only 6.20% are in very good condition, Those conditions are global climate change, which could accelerate the current rate of coral reef degradation in areas already stressed. It has been predicated that more than two-third of the worlds coral reefs may collapse ecologically within the lifetime of our grandchildren, unless effective management of these resources as an urgent priority is implimented.